- (Topic 4)
An obstructing stone in the renal pelvis or upper ureter causes:

Correct Answer:C
(A) Radiating pain in the urethra in both sexes, extending into the labia in females and into the testicle or penis in the male, indicates a stone in the middle or lower segment of the ureter. (B) Urinary frequency and dysuria are caused by a stone in the terminal segment of the ureter withinthe bladder wall. (C) An obstructing stone in the renal pelvis or upper ureter causes severe flank and abdominal pain with nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis, and pallor. (D) Dull and aching pain may indicate early stages of hydronephrosis. Also, a stone in the renal pelvis or upper ureter causes severe flank and abdominal pain.

- (Topic 4)
When giving discharge instructions to a 24-year-old client who had a short-arm cast applied for a fractured right ulna, the nurse recognizes the importance of telling him that the drying time for a plaster of Paris cast is approximately:

Correct Answer:D
(A) Synthetic cast materials harden in 3–15 minutes. Weight bearing is permitted in 15–30 minutes. Drying time for plaster of Paris is about 24–72 hours. (B, C) Plaster of Paris cast materials are heavier than synthetic materials and require a drying time of 24–72 hours. Synthetic materials dry within 30 minutes. (D) Plaster of Paris cast materials are heavier thansynthetic materials and require a longer period to set and dry. Even though setting time (hardening) is only 3–15 minutes, the drying time for plaster of Paris is 24–72 hours. This depends on the size and thickness of the cast, exposure to air, and humidity in the air.

- (Topic 4)
A successful executive left her job and became a housewife after her marriage to a plastic surgeon. She started doing volunteer work for a charity organization. She developed pain in her legs that advanced to the point of paralysis. Her physicians can find no organic basis for the paralysis. The client??s behavior can be described as:

Correct Answer:C
(A) A typical phobia does not result in physical symptoms (i.e., paralysis). (B) Malingering is pretending to be ill. This person has a true paralysis. (C) A conversion reaction is a physical expression of an emotional conflict. It has no organic basis. (D) Agoraphobia is fear of public places.

- (Topic 4)
A 26-year-old client is diagnosed with an astrocytoma, a benign brain tumor. From the nurse??s knowledge of the central nervous system, the nurse knows that benign tumors:

Correct Answer:A
(A) Both a benign and a malignant tumor can displace or destroy nearby structures or increase intracranial pressure. (B) Benign or malignant brain tumors grow at different rates depending on the type of tumor. (C) Some benign tumors do become malignant tumors. (D) Whether or not a tumor is operable depends on its location and the amount of damage its removal will cause.

- (Topic 5)
A 30-year-old female client is receiving antineoplastic chemotherapy. Which of the following symptoms should especially concern the nurse when caring for her?

Correct Answer:D
(A) A respiratory rate of 16 breaths/min is normal and is not a cause for alarm. (B) A pulse rate of 80 bpm is normal and is not a cause for alarm. (C) Complaints of muscle aches are unrelated to her receiving chemotherapy. There may be other causes related to her hospital stay or the disease process. (D) A sore throat is an indication of a possible infection. A client receiving chemotherapy is at risk of neutropenia. An infection in the presence of neutropenia can result in a life-threatening situation.

- (Topic 4)
Which of the following nursing actions is essential to prevent drug-resistant tuberculosis?

Correct Answer:D
(A) Monitoring liver function will not prevent the development of drug-resistant organisms.
(B) Monitoring renal function will not prevent the development of drug-resistant organisms.
(C) Knowledge of respiratory isolation will reduce transmission of tuberculosis but will not prevent development of drug-resistant organisms. (D) Noncompliance with prescribed antituberculosis drug regimen is the primary cause of drug-resistant organisms. Noncompliance permits the mutation of organisms.